An MILP model for risk?based placement of RCSs, DDGs, and tie lines in distribution systems with complex topologies

Remote-controlled switches (RCSs) have the ability to quickly isolate faulted area from other parts of distribution systems. On hand, distributed generation resources (DGs) and tie lines can supply interrupted loads after fault occurrence as a microgrid. In this regard, paper proposes planning model for simultaneous placement RCSs, dispatchable DGs (DDGs), in systems with complex topologies improve their reliability. Presence renewable (RDGs) including photovoltaic cells (PVs) wind turbines (WTs), well uncertainties loads, RDGs, outage duration areas are also considered proposed model. Conditional value at risk (CVaR) is used manage system risk. The formulated mixed integer linear programming (MILP), which be solved using various commercial solvers give global optimal solution. Finally, implemented on IEEE 33 bus cases illustrate its effectiveness improving reliability managing